Raporty IChTJ. Seria B nr 1/2018
(Wstępne studium wykonalności instalacji radiacyjnej z wykorzystaniem wiązki elektronów, przeznaczonej do prowadzenia badań i wdrożeń)
Zbigniew Zimek
Electron beam is commonly accepted as an instrument for research study and industrial implementation in various fields of applications such as sterilization of medical items, crosslinking of insulation in wires and cables, modification of polymers properties and other radiation tech-nologies. The importance of radiation technology is related to unique properties and quality improvement of irradiated products. Technical and economical parameters of radiation facility should be evaluated before initiation radiation processing practical implementation. The present report provides the assessment which was carried out. The technical and economical pre-feasibility study related to installation accelerator facility was performed. It was based on comprehensive technical and financial profiles of the technology represented by four different accelerators implementation.
Radiation processing is usually based on moving conveyor and scanned electron beam which provides possibility to irradiate cartons containing modified (or sterilized) products. It should be noticed that sometime two-sided irradiation is applied for certain product dimensions at density even for electron energy range as high as 10 MeV. Radiation facility located at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT) has been build, towards higher technical and economical effectiveness, better operational characteristics suitable for radiation processing and research programs in order to promote in Poland the radiation processing tech-nologies where high energy electrons are required. The objective of the home made project was 10 MeV, 10 kW linear electron accelerator equipped with microwave source based on modern klystron device and standing wave accelerating section. Similar accelerator construction is offered by CORAD Company (Saint Petersburg, Russia). It was designed for installation inside of industrial buildings or warehouses.
Resonant HF accelerators are based on the large resonant cavities working in the frequency range of one to several hundred MHz. Those cheap and reliable accelerators require relatively simply and compact HF generators. Medium and high electron energy level with appropriate beam power can be obtained. ILU type electron accelerators provided by the Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP, Novosibirsk, Russia) are based on one coaxial resonator operating in pulse regime covering energy range up to 5 MeV with average beam power up to 20 kW. Finally, Rhodotron type electron accelerator provided by IBA (Belgium) based on multipass concept of electron beam arrangement was also included to the comparison. Accelerator is char-acterized by continuous beam operation but with RF modulation of the electron intensity. The compact construction, relatively high (up to 50% of electrical efficiency) energy 5-10 MeV and high beam power make this accelerator suitable for wide range of industrial applications.
Radiation facility assumed to be operated 46 weeks/year due to typical accelerator avail-ability level, holidays and maintenance periods, what corresponds 1840 h/year (8 h for 5 days/week). The total operation time with electron beam is limited to 1552 h/year (one shift) because of daily switching off and on procedures. The investment and operating costs for elec-tron beam accelerators vary widely because of different accelerator specification, type of accelerator and accelerator producers price policy. High facility throughput which is directly related to the beam current level may significantly reduce total unit cost of the process. The accelerators with higher energy of electrons cost more than low energy devices with the same beam power level. Therefore, the lowest energy rating with suitable dose distribution in irradiated object will give better economical parameters of the radiation process. A reduction of the operating time would increase the unit cost significantly because fixed annual cost of investment will be allocated to fewer hours of accelerator exploitation. The detailed analysis should be performed regarding product profile and selection of irradiation configuration and conveyor technical ca-pabilities and properties to optimize irradiation process.